tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-77749015565968117652024-03-13T08:09:24.678+05:00MECHANICAL DAEMechanical energy is the energy which is applied to an object due to its motion or due to its position. Mechanical energy can be either kinetic energy (energy of motion) or potential energy (stored energy of position).Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17896012422461306460noreply@blogger.comBlogger71125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774901556596811765.post-66266400941334647422011-01-19T22:18:00.002+05:002012-09-21T22:22:30.789+05:00How a Eaton G80 locker works<span style="font-size: large;">A GM C Sierra with an Eaton G80 locking differential traverses the ditch simulation. Click image to enlarge </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">With the locking axle, the vehicle was driven slowly on the roller and the wheel spun freely. By accelerating slightly so the spinning wheel is turning about 100 rpm or about 13 km/h, centrifugal weights in the differential latch to a locking mechanism that forces the differential gears to spread apart and engage clutches in the sides of the differential. Within one turn of the wheel, the clutches lock both sides together and the truck drives over the obstacle with ease. I have pulled out of icy parking spots with a GM vehicle equipped with an Eaton locking axle many times when I would have been stuck without one. </span><br />
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Another demonstration simulated driving the trucks over a ditch at an angle. When the truck was in the middle of the transition, one rear wheel and one front wheel had almost no load on them. With the four-wheel drive vehicles, both the one front and one rear wheel without load would spin and the truck would move no further. It was stuck. Even with four-wheel traction control, the vehicle remained stuck because the computer would reduce power at the same time it braked the spinning wheels. There still wasn’t enough torque transfer to the wheels with traction to get the truck moving.</span><br />
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As the two-wheel drive truck with the Eaton locking axle reached the transition, the unloaded rear wheel began to spin but within one turn of the spinning wheel the axle had locked and the truck drove through. It demonstrated that a locking axle in a two-wheel drive vehicle can perform better than four-wheel drive. </span><br />
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<a href="http://www.canadiandriver.com/galleries/images.php?info=Eaton%20G80%20locking%20differential&src=http://www.canadiandriver.com/galleries/2007/images/general_motors/gm_trucks_challenge/07gmtrucks_g80locker_1-6123.jpg"><img src="http://www.canadiandriver.com/galleries/2007/thumbs/mdm-6123-07gmtrucks_g80locker_1-6123.jpg" /></a></span><br />
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Eaton G80 locking differential. Click image to enlarge </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Eaton’s locking differential is used for low speed traction. At speeds above about 30 km/h, a centrifugal weight disables the locking mechanism so that the wheels can turn independently. Unlike limited slip or Positrac differentials which have spring loaded clutches that are engaged at all speeds, the locking differential now allows one wheel to spin. This ensures vehicle stability if you encounter black ice on the highway. If both wheels were locked, they would both spin and the rear of the vehicle would have no stability. Without being locked, only one wheel spins and the other maintains some traction. </span><br />
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Traction at low speeds with the stability of an open differential at higher speeds: Eaton offers this for only about $300 as an option on GM trucks. It’s definitely worth the money.</span><br />
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Jim Kerr is a master automotive mechanic and teaches automotive technology. He has been writing automotive articles for fifteen years for newspapers and magazines in Canada and the United States, and is a member of the Automobile Journalists Association of Canada (AJAC).</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">Technology</a></span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17896012422461306460noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774901556596811765.post-84262545618145018002011-01-19T22:12:00.000+05:002011-01-19T22:12:39.223+05:00Sparks Fly<table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
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<tr align="center" valign="top"><td class="text1"><b><a href="http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sparks Fly</span></span></a></b></td></tr>
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<tr align="left" valign="top"><td class="text1"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 85%;">You can understand a two-stroke engine by watching each part of the cycle. Start with the point where the spark plug fires. Fuel and air in the cylinder have been compressed, and when the spark plug fires the mixture ignites. The resulting explosion drives the piston downward. Note that as the piston moves downward, it is compressing the air/fuel mixture in the crankcase. As the piston approaches the bottom of its stroke, the exhaust port is uncovered. The pressure in the cylinder drives most of the exhaust gases out of cylinder, as shown here: </span><br />
<div align="center"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 85%;"><img height="497" src="http://www.chooseindia.com/engineering/img/two-stroke-exhaust.gif" width="384" /></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr align="left" valign="top"><td class="text1"><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 85%;">Fuel Intake</span></b></td></tr>
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<tr align="left" valign="top"><td class="text1"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 85%;">As the piston finally bottoms out, the intake port is uncovered. The piston's movement has pressurized the mixture in the crankcase, so it rushes into the cylinder, displacing the remaining exhaust gases and filling the cylinder with a fresh charge of fuel, as shown here: </span> <br />
<div align="center"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 85%;"><img height="497" src="http://www.chooseindia.com/engineering/img/two-stroke-intake.gif" width="399" /></span></div><div align="left"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 85%;">Note that in many two-stroke engines that use a cross-flow design, the piston is shaped so that the incoming fuel mixture doesn't simply flow right over the top of the piston and out the exhaust port.</span></div></td></tr>
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<tr align="left" valign="top"><td class="text1"><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 85%;">The Compression Stroke</span></b></td></tr>
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<tr align="left" valign="top"><td class="text1"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 85%;">Now the momentum in the crankshaft starts driving the piston back toward the spark plug for the compression stroke. As the air/fuel mixture in the piston is compressed, a vacuum is created in the crankcase. This vacuum opens the reed valve and sucks air/fuel/oil in from the carburetor. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 85%;">Once the piston makes it to the end of the compression stroke, the spark plug fires again to repeat the cycle. It's called a two-stoke engine because there is a compression stroke and then a combustion stroke. In a four-stroke engine, there are separate intake, compression, combustion and exhaust strokes. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 85%;">You can see that the piston is really doing three different things in a two-stroke engine: </span><br />
<ul><li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 85%;">On one side of the piston is the combustion chamber, where the piston is compressing the air/fuel mixture and capturing the energy released by the ignition of the fuel.<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 85%;">On the other side of the piston is the crankcase, where the piston is creating a vacuum to suck in air/fuel from the carburetor through the reed valve and then pressurizing the crankcase so that air/fuel is forced into the combustion chamber.<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 85%;">Meanwhile, the sides of the piston are acting like valves, covering and uncovering the intake and exhaust ports drilled into the side of the cylinder wall.<br />
</span></li>
</ul><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 85%;">It's really pretty neat to see the piston doing so many different things! That's what makes two-stroke engines so simple and lightweight. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 85%;">If you have ever used a two-stroke engine, you know that you have to mix special two-stroke oil in with the gasoline. Now that you understand the two-stroke cycle you can see why. In a four-stroke engine, the crankcase is completely separate from the combustion chamber, so you can fill the crankcase with heavy oil to lubricate the crankshaft bearings, the bearings on either end of the piston's connecting rod and the cylinder wall. In a two-stroke engine, on the other hand, the crankcase is serving as a pressurization chamber to force air/fuel into the cylinder, so it can't hold a thick oil. Instead, you mix oil in with the gas to lubricate the crankshaft, connecting rod and cylinder walls. If you forget to mix in the oil, the engine isn't going to last very long! </span></td></tr>
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<tr align="left" valign="top"><td class="text1"><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 85%;">Disadvantages of the Two-stroke</span></b></td></tr>
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<tr align="left" valign="top"><td class="text1"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 85%;">You can now see that two-stroke engines have two important advantages over four-stroke engines: They are simpler and lighter, and they produce about twice as much power. So why do cars and trucks use four-stroke engines? There are four main reasons: </span><br />
<ul><li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 85%;">Two-stroke engines don't last nearly as long as four-stroke engines. The lack of a dedicated lubrication system means that the parts of a two-stroke engine wear a lot faster. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 85%;">Two-stroke oil is expensive, and you need about 4 ounces of it per gallon of gas. You would burn about a gallon of oil every 1,000 miles if you used a two-stroke engine in a car. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 85%;">Two-stroke engines do not use fuel efficiently, so you would get fewer miles per gallon. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 85%;">Two-stroke engines produce a lot of pollution -- so much, in fact, that it is likely that you won't see them around too much longer.<br />
</span></li>
</ul><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 85%;">The pollution comes from two sources. The first is the combustion of the oil. The oil makes all two-stroke engines smoky to some extent, and a badly worn two-stroke engine can emit huge clouds of oily smoke. The second reason is less obvious but can be seen in the following figure: </span><br />
<div align="center"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 85%;"><img height="497" src="http://www.chooseindia.com/engineering/img/two-stroke-compress.gif" width="400" /><br />
</span></div><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 85%;">Each time a new charge of air/fuel is loaded into the combustion chamber, part of it leaks out through the exhaust port. That's why you see a sheen of oil around any two-stroke boat motor. The leaking hydrocarbons from the fresh fuel combined with the leaking oil is a real mess for the environment. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 85%;">These disadvantages mean that two-stroke engines are used only in applications where the motor is not used very often and a fantastic power-to-weight ratio is important. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 85%;">In the meantime, manufacturers have been working to shrink and lighten four-stroke engines, and you can see that research coming to market in a variety of new marine and lawn-care products.<br />
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http://www.chooseindia.com</td></tr>
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http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17896012422461306460noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774901556596811765.post-28878348607985141062011-01-19T22:09:00.000+05:002011-01-19T22:09:41.540+05:00May harm your computer<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>M</b></span><a href="http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">ay harm your computer</span></b></a></div>A Compressed air car is a car that uses a motor powerd by compressed air. . The compressed-air engine is used to activate an alternator, which extends . . presented on the Beyond Tomorrow programme; The Science Channel Video Report . <br />
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http://liveitupempire.com/Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17896012422461306460noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774901556596811765.post-71008995634449646442011-01-19T21:39:00.000+05:002011-01-19T21:39:17.116+05:00Output Shaft<div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/">Output Shaft</a></span></b></div>The output shaft has round lobes mounted eccentrically, meaning that they are offset from the center line of the shaft. Each rotor fits over one of these lobes. The lobe acts sort of like the crankshaft in a piston engine. As the rotor follows its path around the housing, it pushes on the lobes. Since the lobes are mounted eccentric to the output shaft, the force that the rotor applies to the lobes creates torque in the shaft, causing it to spin. <br />
Now let's take a look at how these parts are assembled and how it produces power. <br />
<div class="printableTocItem">Rotary Engine Assembly</div>A rotary engine is assembled in layers. The two-rotor engine we took apart has five main layers that are held together by a ring of long bolts. Coolant flows through passageways surrounding all of the pieces. <br />
<center> </center> The two end layers contain the seals and bearings for the output shaft. They also seal in the two sections of housing that contain the rotors. The inside surfaces of these pieces are very smooth, which helps the seals on the rotor do their job. An intake port is located on each of these end pieces. <br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="width: 400px;"><tbody>
<tr><td><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica;"> </span><br />
<center><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica;"><img src="http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/rotary-engine-end.jpg" /><br />
<b>One of the two end pieces of a two-rotor Wankel engine</b><br />
</span></center><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica;"> </span> </td></tr>
</tbody></table>The next layer in from the outside is the oval-shaped rotor housing, which contains the exhaust ports. This is the part of the housing that contains the rotor. <br />
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<center><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica;"><img src="http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/rotary-engine-housing-3.jpg" /><br />
<b>The part of the rotor housing that holds the rotors<br />
(Note the exhaust port location.)</b><br />
</span></center><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica;"> </span> </td></tr>
</tbody></table>The center piece contains two intake ports, one for each rotor. It also separates the two rotors, so its outside surfaces are very smooth. <br />
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<center><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica;"><img src="http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/rotary-engine-center.jpg" /><br />
<b>The center piece contains another intake port for each rotor.</b><br />
</span></center><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica;"> </span> </td></tr>
</tbody></table>In the center of each rotor is a large internal gear that rides around a smaller gear that is fixed to the housing of the engine. This is what determines the orbit of the rotor. The rotor also rides on the large circular lobe on the output shaft. <br />
Next, we'll see how the engine actually makes power. <br />
<div class="printableTocItem">Rotary Engine Power</div>Rotary engines use the four-stroke combustion cycle, which is the same cycle that four-stroke piston engines use. But in a rotary engine, this is accomplished in a completely different way. <br />
<div class="imageBox imageBoxRight" style="padding-bottom: 3px; width: 400px;"><br />
<span class="caption">If you watch carefully, you'll see the offset lobe on the output shaft spinning three times for every complete revolution of the rotor.</span><br />
<br />
</div>The heart of a rotary engine is the rotor. This is roughly the equivalent of the pistons in a piston engine. The rotor is mounted on a large circular lobe on the output shaft. This lobe is offset from the centerline of the shaft and acts like the crank handle on a winch, giving the rotor the leverage it needs to turn the output shaft. As the rotor orbits inside the housing, it pushes the lobe around in tight circles, turning <b>three times</b> for every one revolution of the rotor. <br />
As the rotor moves through the housing, the three chambers created by the rotor change size. This size change produces a pumping action. Let's go through each of the four strokes of the engine looking at one face of the rotor. <br />
<b>Intake</b><br />
The intake phase of the cycle starts when the tip of the rotor passes the intake port. At the moment when the intake port is exposed to the chamber, the volume of that chamber is close to its minimum. As the rotor moves past the intake port, the volume of the chamber expands, drawing air/fuel mixture into the chamber. <br />
When the peak of the rotor passes the intake port, that chamber is sealed off and compression begins. <br />
<b>Compression</b><br />
As the rotor continues its motion around the housing, the volume of the chamber gets smaller and the air/fuel mixture gets compressed. By the time the face of the rotor has made it around to the spark plugs, the volume of the chamber is again close to its minimum. This is when combustion starts. <br />
<b>Combustion</b><br />
Most rotary engines have two spark plugs. The combustion chamber is long, so the flame would spread too slowly if there were only one plug. When the spark plugs ignite the air/fuel mixture, pressure quickly builds, forcing the rotor to move. <br />
The pressure of combustion forces the rotor to move in the direction that makes the chamber grow in volume. The combustion gases continue to expand, moving the rotor and creating power, until the peak of the rotor passes the exhaust port. <br />
<b>Exhaust</b><br />
Once the peak of the rotor passes the exhaust port, the high-pressure combustion gases are free to flow out the exhaust. As the rotor continues to move, the chamber starts to contract, forcing the remaining exhaust out of the port. By the time the volume of the chamber is nearing its minimum, the peak of the rotor passes the intake port and the whole cycle starts again. <br />
The neat thing about the rotary engine is that each of the three faces of the rotor is always working on one part of the cycle -- in one complete revolution of the rotor, there will be three combustion strokes. But remember, the output shaft spins three times for every complete revolution of the rotor, which means that there is one combustion stroke for each revolution of the output shaft. <br />
<div class="printableTocItem">Differences and Challenges</div>There are several defining characteristics that differentiate a rotary engine from a typical piston engine. <br />
<b>Fewer Moving Parts</b><br />
The rotary engine has far fewer moving parts than a comparable four-stroke piston engine. A two-rotor rotary engine has three main moving parts: the two rotors and the output shaft. Even the simplest four-cylinder piston engine has at least 40 moving parts, including pistons, connecting rods, camshaft, valves, valve springs, rockers, timing belt, timing gears and crankshaft. <br />
This minimization of moving parts can translate into better reliability from a rotary engine. This is why some aircraft manufacturers (including the maker of Skycar) prefer rotary engines to piston engines. <br />
<b>Smoother</b><br />
All the parts in a rotary engine spin continuously in one direction, rather than violently changing directions like the pistons in a conventional engine do. Rotary engines are internally balanced with spinning counterweights that are phased to cancel out any vibrations. <br />
The power delivery in a rotary engine is also smoother. Because each combustion event lasts through 90 degrees of the rotor's rotation, and the output shaft spins three revolutions for each revolution of the rotor, each combustion event lasts through 270 degrees of the output shaft's rotation. This means that a single-rotor engine delivers power for three-quarters of each revolution of the output shaft. Compare this to a single-cylinder piston engine, in which combustion occurs during 180 degrees out of every <b>two</b> revolutions, or only a quarter of each revolution of the crankshaft (the output shaft of a piston engine). <br />
<b>Slower</b><br />
Since the rotors spin at one-third the speed of the output shaft, the main moving parts of the engine move slower than the parts in a piston engine. This also helps with reliability. <br />
<b>Challenges</b><br />
There are some challenges in designing a rotary engine: <br />
<ul><li>Typically, it is more difficult (but not impossible) to make a rotary engine meet U.S. emissions regulations. </li>
<li>The manufacturing costs can be higher, mostly because the number of these engines produced is not as high as the number of piston engines. </li>
<li>They typically consume more fuel than a piston engine because the thermodynamic efficiency of the engine is reduced by the long combustion-chamber shape and low compression ratio. </li>
</ul><br />
http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17896012422461306460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774901556596811765.post-48086709938361515492011-01-19T21:34:00.000+05:002011-01-19T21:34:02.182+05:00Output Shaft<div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/">Output Shaft</a></span></b></div>The output shaft has round lobes mounted eccentrically, meaning that they are offset from the centerline of the shaft. Each rotor fits over one of these lobes. The lobe acts sort of like the crankshaft in a piston engine. As the rotor follows its path around the housing, it pushes on the lobes. Since the lobes are mounted eccentric to the output shaft, the force that the rotor applies to the lobes creates torque in the shaft, causing it to spin. <br />
Now let's take a look at how these parts are assembled and how it produces power. <br />
<div class="printableTocItem">Rotary Engine Assembly</div>A rotary engine is assembled in layers. The two-rotor engine we took apart has five main layers that are held together by a ring of long bolts. Coolant flows through passageways surrounding all of the pieces. <br />
<center> </center> The two end layers contain the seals and bearings for the output shaft. They also seal in the two sections of housing that contain the rotors. The inside surfaces of these pieces are very smooth, which helps the seals on the rotor do their job. An intake port is located on each of these end pieces. <br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="width: 400px;"><tbody>
<tr><td><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica;"> </span><br />
<center><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica;"><a href="http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/"><img src="http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/rotary-engine-end.jpg" /></a><br />
<b>One of the two end pieces of a two-rotor Wankel engine</b><br />
</span></center><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica;"> </span> </td></tr>
</tbody> </table>The next layer in from the outside is the oval-shaped rotor housing, which contains the exhaust ports. This is the part of the housing that contains the rotor. <br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="width: 400px;"><tbody>
<tr><td><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica;"> </span><br />
<center><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica;"><a href="http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/"><img src="http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/rotary-engine-housing-3.jpg" /></a><br />
<b>The part of the rotor housing that holds the rotors<br />
(Note the exhaust port location.)</b><br />
</span></center><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica;"> </span> </td></tr>
</tbody> </table>The center piece contains two intake ports, one for each rotor. It also separates the two rotors, so its outside surfaces are very smooth. <br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="width: 400px;"><tbody>
<tr><td><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica;"> </span><br />
<center><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica;"><a href="http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/"><img src="http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/rotary-engine-center.jpg" /></a><br />
<b>The center piece contains another intake port for each rotor.</b><br />
</span></center><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica;"> </span> </td></tr>
</tbody> </table>In the center of each rotor is a large internal gear that rides around a smaller gear that is fixed to the housing of the engine. This is what determines the orbit of the rotor. The rotor also rides on the large circular lobe on the output shaft. <br />
Next, we'll see how the engine actually makes power. <br />
<div class="printableTocItem">Rotary Engine Power</div>Rotary engines use the four-stroke combustion cycle, which is the same cycle that four-stroke piston engines use. But in a rotary engine, this is accomplished in a completely different way. <br />
<div class="imageBox imageBoxRight" style="padding-bottom: 3px; width: 400px;"><br />
<span class="caption">If you watch carefully, you'll see the offset lobe on the output shaft spinning three times for every complete revolution of the rotor.</span><br />
<br />
</div>The heart of a rotary engine is the rotor. This is roughly the equivalent of the pistons in a piston engine. The rotor is mounted on a large circular lobe on the output shaft. This lobe is offset from the centerline of the shaft and acts like the crank handle on a winch, giving the rotor the leverage it needs to turn the output shaft. As the rotor orbits inside the housing, it pushes the lobe around in tight circles, turning <b>three times</b> for every one revolution of the rotor. <br />
As the rotor moves through the housing, the three chambers created by the rotor change size. This size change produces a pumping action. Let's go through each of the four strokes of the engine looking at one face of the rotor. <br />
<b>Intake</b><br />
The intake phase of the cycle starts when the tip of the rotor passes the intake port. At the moment when the intake port is exposed to the chamber, the volume of that chamber is close to its minimum. As the rotor moves past the intake port, the volume of the chamber expands, drawing air/fuel mixture into the chamber. <br />
When the peak of the rotor passes the intake port, that chamber is sealed off and compression begins. <br />
<b>Compression</b><br />
As the rotor continues its motion around the housing, the volume of the chamber gets smaller and the air/fuel mixture gets compressed. By the time the face of the rotor has made it around to the spark plugs, the volume of the chamber is again close to its minimum. This is when combustion starts. <br />
<b>Combustion</b><br />
Most rotary engines have two spark plugs. The combustion chamber is long, so the flame would spread too slowly if there were only one plug. When the spark plugs ignite the air/fuel mixture, pressure quickly builds, forcing the rotor to move. <br />
The pressure of combustion forces the rotor to move in the direction that makes the chamber grow in volume. The combustion gases continue to expand, moving the rotor and creating power, until the peak of the rotor passes the exhaust port. <br />
<b>Exhaust</b><br />
Once the peak of the rotor passes the exhaust port, the high-pressure combustion gases are free to flow out the exhaust. As the rotor continues to move, the chamber starts to contract, forcing the remaining exhaust out of the port. By the time the volume of the chamber is nearing its minimum, the peak of the rotor passes the intake port and the whole cycle starts again. <br />
The neat thing about the rotary engine is that each of the three faces of the rotor is always working on one part of the cycle -- in one complete revolution of the rotor, there will be three combustion strokes. But remember, the output shaft spins three times for every complete revolution of the rotor, which means that there is one combustion stroke for each revolution of the output shaft. <br />
<div class="printableTocItem">Differences and Challenges</div>There are several defining characteristics that differentiate a rotary engine from a typical piston engine. <br />
<b>Fewer Moving Parts</b><br />
The rotary engine has far fewer moving parts than a comparable four-stroke piston engine. A two-rotor rotary engine has three main moving parts: the two rotors and the output shaft. Even the simplest four-cylinder piston engine has at least 40 moving parts, including pistons, connecting rods, camshaft, valves, valve springs, rockers, timing belt, timing gears and crankshaft. <br />
This minimization of moving parts can translate into better reliability from a rotary engine. This is why some aircraft manufacturers (including the maker of Skycar) prefer rotary engines to piston engines. <br />
<b>Smoother</b><br />
All the parts in a rotary engine spin continuously in one direction, rather than violently changing directions like the pistons in a conventional engine do. Rotary engines are internally balanced with spinning counterweights that are phased to cancel out any vibrations. <br />
The power delivery in a rotary engine is also smoother. Because each combustion event lasts through 90 degrees of the rotor's rotation, and the output shaft spins three revolutions for each revolution of the rotor, each combustion event lasts through 270 degrees of the output shaft's rotation. This means that a single-rotor engine delivers power for three-quarters of each revolution of the output shaft. Compare this to a single-cylinder piston engine, in which combustion occurs during 180 degrees out of every <b>two</b> revolutions, or only a quarter of each revolution of the crankshaft (the output shaft of a piston engine). <br />
<b>Slower</b><br />
Since the rotors spin at one-third the speed of the output shaft, the main moving parts of the engine move slower than the parts in a piston engine. This also helps with reliability. <br />
<b>Challenges</b><br />
There are some challenges in designing a rotary engine: <br />
<ul><li>Typically, it is more difficult (but not impossible) to make a rotary engine meet U.S. emissions regulations. </li>
<li>The manufacturing costs can be higher, mostly because the number of these engines produced is not as high as the number of piston engines. </li>
<li>They typically consume more fuel than a piston engine because the thermodynamic efficiency of the engine is reduced by the long combustion-chamber shape and low compression ratio. </li>
</ul><br />
http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17896012422461306460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774901556596811765.post-88844652326245669672011-01-19T21:31:00.000+05:002011-01-19T21:31:31.341+05:00Rotor & Housing<div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/">Rotor</a></span></b></div>The rotor has three convex faces, each of which acts like a piston. Each face of the rotor has a pocket in it, which increases the displacement of the engine, allowing more space for air/fuel mixture. <br />
At the apex of each face is a metal blade that forms a seal to the outside of the combustion chamber. There are also metal rings on each side of the rotor that seal to the sides of the combustion chamber. <br />
The rotor has a set of internal gear teeth cut into the center of one side. These teeth mate with a gear that is fixed to the housing. This gear mating determines the path and direction the rotor takes through the housing. <br />
<div class="imageBox imageBoxRight" style="padding-bottom: 3px; width: 400px;"><a href="http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/"><img src="http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/rotary-engine-housing.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/">Housing</a></span></b></div>The housing is roughly oval in shape (it's actually an <b>epitrochoid</b> -- check out this Java demonstration of how the shape is derived). The shape of the combustion chamber is designed so that the three tips of the rotor will always stay in contact with the wall of the chamber, forming three sealed volumes of gas. <br />
Each part of the housing is dedicated to one part of the combustion process. The four sections are: <br />
<ul><li><b>Intake</b> </li>
<li><b>Compression</b> </li>
<li><b>Combustion</b> </li>
<li><b>Exhaust</b> </li>
</ul>The intake and exhaust ports are located in the housing. There are no valves in these ports. The exhaust port connects directly to the exhaust, and the intake port connects directly to the throttle. <br />
<div class="imageBox imageBoxRight" style="padding-bottom: 3px; width: 400px;"><a href="http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/"><img src="http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/rotary-engine-output.jpg" /></a><br />
<span class="caption">The output shaft<br />
(Note the eccentric lobes.)</span></div><br />
http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17896012422461306460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774901556596811765.post-24621866947242381592011-01-19T21:28:00.000+05:002011-01-19T21:28:26.254+05:00Mazda RX-8<div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/">Mazda RX-8</a></span></b></div>Mazda has been a pioneer in developing production cars that use rotary engines. The RX-7, which went on sale in 1978, was probably the most successful rotary-engine-powered car. But it was preceded by a series of rotary-engine cars, trucks and even buses, starting with the 1967 Cosmo Sport. The last year the RX-7 was sold in the United States was 1995, but the rotary engine is set to make a comeback in the near future. The Mazda RX-8 , a new car from Mazda, has a new, award winning rotary engine called the <b>RENESIS</b>. Named International Engine of the Year 2003, this naturally aspirated two-rotor engine will produce about 250 horsepower. For more information, visit Mazda's RX-8 Web site. <br />
<div class="printableTocItem">The Parts of a Rotary Engine</div><div class="imageBox imageBoxRight" style="padding-bottom: 3px; width: 400px;"><a href="http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/"><img src="http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/rotary-engine-rotor.jpg" /></a></div>A rotary engine has an ignition system and a fuel-delivery system that are similar to the ones on piston engines. If you've never seen the inside of a rotary engine, be prepared for a surprise, because you won't recognize much. <br />
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http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17896012422461306460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774901556596811765.post-64405084003954907402011-01-19T21:18:00.002+05:002011-01-19T21:18:38.687+05:00Fuel Injection Of A Car & Electronic Fuel Injection<div class="thumb" id="detailed_thumb" style="font-family: arial; text-align: center;"><h3><a href="http://otovid.net/video/Xt40XK2j1dE/testing-the-fuel-injection-of-a-car.html">Testing The Fuel Injection Of A Car</a></h3><div class="justify_p">How To Use An Automotive Oscilloscope To Test The Fuel Injection Of An Automobile- More Videos Available At </div><div class="video"><a href="http://otovid.net/video/Xt40XK2j1dE/testing-the-fuel-injection-of-a-car.html"><img alt="Testing the fuel injection of a car" src="http://i1.ytimg.com/vi/Xt40XK2j1dE/0.jpg" /></a></div><div class="thumb-list"><a href="http://otovid.net/video/Xt40XK2j1dE/testing-the-fuel-injection-of-a-car.html"><img class="smallThumb" src="http://i1.ytimg.com/vi/Xt40XK2j1dE/1.jpg" width="70" /><img alt="" class="smallThumb" src="http://i2.ytimg.com/vi/Xt40XK2j1dE/2.jpg" width="70" /><img alt="" class="smallThumb" src="http://i2.ytimg.com/vi/Xt40XK2j1dE/3.jpg" width="70" /></a> </div></div><div class="thumb" id="detailed_thumb" style="font-family: arial; text-align: center;"><h3><a href="http://otovid.net/video/nJBmarpS7MM/electronic-fuel-injection.html">Electronic Fuel Injection</a></h3><div class="justify_p">Funcionamiento Del Fuel Injection</div><div class="video"><a href="http://otovid.net/video/nJBmarpS7MM/electronic-fuel-injection.html"><img alt="electronic fuel injection" src="http://i3.ytimg.com/vi/nJBmarpS7MM/0.jpg" /><span class="video-time">1:51</span></a></div><div class="thumb-list"><a href="http://otovid.net/video/nJBmarpS7MM/electronic-fuel-injection.html"><img class="smallThumb" src="http://i3.ytimg.com/vi/nJBmarpS7MM/1.jpg" width="70" /><img alt="" class="smallThumb" src="http://i1.ytimg.com/vi/nJBmarpS7MM/2.jpg" width="70" /><img alt="" class="smallThumb" src="http://i1.ytimg.com/vi/nJBmarpS7MM/3.jpg" width="70" /></a> </div></div><br />
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http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17896012422461306460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774901556596811765.post-91880849723807314432011-01-19T21:15:00.002+05:002011-01-19T21:15:35.742+05:00Diesel Fuel Injection System<div class="thumb" id="detailed_thumb" style="font-family: arial; text-align: center;"><h3><a href="http://otovid.net/video/eD1dfT6uEdM/diesel-fuel-injection-system.html">Diesel Fuel Injection System</a></h3><div class="justify_p">The Video Source It About Diesel Fuel Injection System And Its Majorponents With Some About Each Function Like Fuel Tank-fuel Supply Pump-fuel Filter-fuel Injector-governor And Other</div><div class="video"><a href="http://otovid.net/video/eD1dfT6uEdM/diesel-fuel-injection-system.html"><img alt="Diesel fuel injection system" src="http://i2.ytimg.com/vi/eD1dfT6uEdM/0.jpg" /><span class="video-time">1:30</span></a></div><div class="thumb-list"><a href="http://otovid.net/video/eD1dfT6uEdM/diesel-fuel-injection-system.html"><img class="smallThumb" src="http://i2.ytimg.com/vi/eD1dfT6uEdM/1.jpg" width="70" /><img alt="" class="smallThumb" src="http://i3.ytimg.com/vi/eD1dfT6uEdM/2.jpg" width="70" /><img alt="" class="smallThumb" src="http://i3.ytimg.com/vi/eD1dfT6uEdM/3.jpg" width="70" /></a> </div></div><br />
http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17896012422461306460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774901556596811765.post-4699225053271448272011-01-19T21:13:00.002+05:002011-01-19T21:13:33.253+05:00Electronic Fuel Injection<div class="thumb" id="detailed_thumb" style="font-family: arial; text-align: center;"><h3><a href="http://otovid.net/video/lGIQc1XdBlU/electronic-fuel-injection.html">Electronic Fuel Injection</a></h3><div class="justify_p">The Video Source Is About Electronic Fuel Injection Fuel Injectors The Primary Means Of Getting Gasoline Into The Engine Cylinder So It Canbust And You Can Drive-know More About The Various Configuration Of Injection System</div><div class="video"><a href="http://otovid.net/video/lGIQc1XdBlU/electronic-fuel-injection.html"><img alt="electronic fuel injection" src="http://i2.ytimg.com/vi/lGIQc1XdBlU/0.jpg" /></a></div><div class="thumb-list"><a href="http://otovid.net/video/lGIQc1XdBlU/electronic-fuel-injection.html"><img class="smallThumb" src="http://i2.ytimg.com/vi/lGIQc1XdBlU/1.jpg" width="70" /><img alt="" class="smallThumb" src="http://i3.ytimg.com/vi/lGIQc1XdBlU/2.jpg" width="70" /><img alt="" class="smallThumb" src="http://i3.ytimg.com/vi/lGIQc1XdBlU/3.jpg" width="70" /></a> </div></div><br />
http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17896012422461306460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774901556596811765.post-83253498156399072062011-01-19T21:11:00.000+05:002011-01-19T21:11:55.462+05:00Electronic Fuel Injection Enhancer<div class="thumb" id="detailed_thumb" style="font-family: arial; text-align: center;"><h3><a href="http://otovid.net/video/e-VAQMFCY5s/electronic-fuel-injection-enhancer.html">Electronic Fuel Injection Enhancer</a></h3><div class="justify_p">Explanation Of Why I Think The Efie Will Be An Important Part Of The Oxy-hydrogen System</div><div class="justify_p"><br />
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http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17896012422461306460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774901556596811765.post-72571899104876961052011-01-19T21:08:00.002+05:002011-01-19T21:08:21.761+05:00Gto Fuel Injection Swap Dash Fab V8tv<h3 style="font-family: arial; text-align: center;"><a href="http://otovid.net/video/MGW3Qyxg-w8/1966-gto-fuel-injection-swap-dash-fab-v8tv.html">1966 Gto Fuel Injection Swap Dash Fab V8tv</a></h3><div class="justify_p" style="font-family: arial; text-align: center;">- Transplanting A Modern Engine Into An Older Car Presents Many Challenges- One Being The Engine Management System And Gauge Panel Display- We Chose To Run A Mast Motorsports M90 Ecm For A Variety Of Reasons- Mast Has Been A Leader In The Geniv Engine Family For Some Time- And Th</div><div class="justify_p" style="font-family: arial; text-align: center;"><br />
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http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17896012422461306460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774901556596811765.post-45009084808386068922011-01-14T12:45:00.000+05:002011-01-14T12:45:22.526+05:00Dial-a-Door technology to appear at Dork bot PDX tonight<div class="post-821 post type-post hentry category-aboutusorg category-community post_box top" id="post-821"> <div class="headline_area"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/">Dial-a-Door technology to appear at Dork bot PDX tonight</a></h1><div class="headline_meta"><abbr class="published" title="2008-10-27"></abbr></div></div><div class="format_text entry-content"> About Us CTO, Ward Cunningham and his college roommate Rick Wartzok, had better than average audio/visual and beverage capability in their dorm room, at least for 1968. While happy to share with fellow residents, they then faced a dilemma. What about keys? They wanted some kind of combination lock that had a shared code that could be selectively enabled, and a longer, master code for private use. The solution was Dial-a-Door:<br />
<dl class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 450px;"><dt class="wp-caption-dt"><img alt="Ward with Dial-a-Door" class="aligncenter" height="311" src="http://c2.com/%7Eward/Dial-a-Door/Ward.jpg" title="Ward with Dial-a-Door" width="440" /></dt>
</dl>Now its 2008, forty years later, Ward has located the mechanical technology that decoded the combination, restored it to working order, and prepared a display which he will present at the bi-weekly DorkbotPDX tonight at the Lucky Lab in Northwest Portland. Here is About Us colleague Stephen Judkins inspecting the device.<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><img alt="Stephen playing with Dial-a-Door" class="aligncenter" height="302" src="http://images.aboutus.org/images/8/8e/StephenJudkinsW:Dial-a-Door.JPG" title="Stephen playing with Dial-a-Door" width="403" /></div></div></div><br />
http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17896012422461306460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774901556596811765.post-81486983598757379862011-01-14T12:38:00.000+05:002011-01-14T12:38:19.382+05:00Mechanical, Quartz or Automatic Watches<table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="center" class="style42" height="50" valign="middle"><a href="http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Mechanical, Quartz or Automatic Watches </span></a></td> <td align="right" rowspan="3" valign="top" width="15"><img height="400" src="http://www.luxurynlifestyle.com/graphics/right_shadow2.jpg" width="10" /></td> </tr>
<tr> <td align="center" class="c_padding" height="75" valign="middle"><a href="http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/"><img class="big_thumbnail" src="http://www.luxurynlifestyle.com/graphics/photo/269.jpg" /></a></td> </tr>
<tr> <td align="left" class="c_padding" height="75" valign="top"><div class="style_info text_indent">To help you appreciate the beauty of luxury watches as both a fashion statement as well as the movements used, there are many different types of watches to consider before choosing the one right for you. Fine watches are usually created around older mechanical technology and have existed for centuries. These types of watches last for decades and never need a battery. Usually, the more mechanical a watch, the more it is going to be worth. In today s market, the choices for luxury watches fall under the category of Chronograph, Quartz, Mechanical, Automatic, Jewel Movement and Perpetual Calendar. Quartz technology has gained in popularity over the years as it keeps time efficiently. The way quartz technology works, is that it passes a constant electric current through a quartz crystal and vibrates at a steady frequency. Swiss Quartz movements are the most accurate and reliable timepieces and have the greatest advantage when it comes to costs. The chronograph watch breaks down time into hours, minutes and seconds and is often used in competitive sporting activities. Other watches in this category offer moon phases and calendars complete with dates and years. The majority of watches that cost less than $1,000.00 usually use quartz movements, but the most sought after watches are automatic watches. Automatic watches are mechanical, but driven by human movement. They work so well that if cared for properly, automatic watches will last for generations to come. </div></td></tr>
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http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17896012422461306460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774901556596811765.post-19065429197589353422011-01-12T14:58:00.000+05:002011-01-12T14:58:23.338+05:00Bed Lifting System <a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1158691415"> </a> <br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/"><em><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Bed Lifting System</span></b></em></a></div><em></em></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/"><img alt="" border="0" height="200" src="http://mechanicalengineeringpatents.com/PatentPDFArt/6575414art.jpg" style="border-width: 0pt;" width="200" /></a></div><em> </em><span class="style21">A bed lifting system utilizing a unitary block having bed leg receiving cavities, each of different depth, on reversable top and bottom sides of the block. One of these sides has four round cylindrical bore holes for stably supporting a bed leg (with or without a small wheel) at each of four different elevations. The other side has four cavities shaped to support a large bed leg wheel at each of four elevations. Extension blocks are provided for fitting over the unitary block to further raise the bed leg. </span><br />
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http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17896012422461306460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774901556596811765.post-37973488973945209902011-01-12T14:56:00.000+05:002011-01-12T14:56:40.414+05:00Pipe Connection System <div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Pipe Connection System</span></a></b><em></em></div><em></em></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/"><img alt="" border="0" height="130" src="http://mechanicalengineeringpatents.com/PatentPDFArt/6510748art.jpg" style="border-width: 0pt;" width="200" /></a></div><em> </em><span class="style21">A pipe connection system has a non-threaded, quick-pipe connection for connecting pipe in a pressurized system, for connecting piping components within a fire sprinkler system, including a flow switch to a fire sprinkler system riser port. A male and female member are attached through the use of a through-slot in the female member that aligns with a groove in the male member such that a locking clip may be inserted through the female and male members when they are joined, thereby blocking the members from being dis-joined. An O-ring seal in a groove on the male member and seal able bore on the female member allow for a sealed and pressurized piping system. </span> <br />
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http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17896012422461306460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774901556596811765.post-14390973645869543422011-01-12T14:53:00.001+05:002011-01-12T14:54:10.979+05:00Overflow Drain Outlet Cover System<div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/" style="color: black;">Overflow Drain Outlet Cover System</a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://overflow%20drain%20outlet%20cover%20system/"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://mechanicalengineeringpatents.com/PatentPDFArt/6474365art.jpg" width="175" /></a></div><i> </i><span class="style21">A system for covering drain pipe outlets, particularly, as they exit a building. The system includes a band that is tightened around the exterior of a pipe as it protrudes through the side of a building. Attached to the band is a hinged cover which is sized to entirely cover the pipe and hidden hinge. The cover may be covered with material to match or complement the building exterior surfacing, such as paint or stucco. In addition, the band portion may also include one or more restictors, such as bars, to prevent unauthorized access or debris from entering the pipe. The system provides for multiple size covers and bands for a wide variety of pipe sizes. </span> <br />
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http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17896012422461306460noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774901556596811765.post-33913193425524452942011-01-12T14:44:00.002+05:002011-01-12T14:45:11.035+05:00Robotics Technology<span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"></span> <br />
<div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"></span> </div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Robotics Technology</span></a></div><div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;"></span> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/"><img border="0" height="103" src="http://www.scasd.org/2497_3864162628/lib/2497_3864162628/robotic.jpg" width="150" /></a></div><div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">A study of the applications and theories of automation as related to industrial robots. Students will learn to computer control and program a robotic arm. Activities include:</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;"></span> </div><div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">Program a computer to control a robotic arm.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;"></span> </div><div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">use a robotic arm to perform various tasks.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;"></span> </div><div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">Use a computer to control various output and input devices such as a motor, light, switch, or power supply.</span></div><br />
http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17896012422461306460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774901556596811765.post-68051936826807542822011-01-12T14:41:00.003+05:002011-01-12T14:45:45.614+05:00Pneumatic/Hydraulic Technology<span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"></span> <br />
<div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"></span> </div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Pneumatic/Hydraulic Technology</span></a></div><div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;"></span> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/"><img align="" alt="pnue" border="0" height="160" src="http://www.scasd.org/2497_3864162628/lib/2497_3864162628/ind.jpg" title="pnue" width="160" /></a></div><div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">A study of how air, water, oil, and other liquids are used to help us move, shape, and control the world around us. Students will use math, physics, and problem solving skills to do various tasks, and solve problems. Activities include:</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;"></span> </div><div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">Experiments with various pneumatic devices.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;"></span> </div><div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">Building machines from the various devices.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;"></span> </div><div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">Using the pneumatic devices to solve problems.</span></div><br />
http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17896012422461306460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774901556596811765.post-80053304349111221292011-01-12T14:37:00.003+05:002011-01-12T14:46:57.476+05:00Mechanical Technology<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 180%;"><a href="http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Mechanical Technology</span></a></span><br />
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</span><a href="http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/"><img alt="" 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" /></a></div><div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;"></span> </div><div><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">A study of how levers, pulleys, gears, etc. are used to help us move, shape, and control the world around us. Math, physics, and problem solving skills are used to accomplish various tasks. Activities include:</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;"></span> </div><div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">Using simple machines such as pulleys and levers to demonstrate the basic principles of mechanical power.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;"></span> </div><div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10pt;">Building devices from simple machines.</span></div><br />
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<span style="font-size: 100%;">http://tariqhafez.blogspot.com/</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17896012422461306460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774901556596811765.post-31104599138198404072011-01-02T22:48:00.002+05:002011-01-19T21:18:51.370+05:003D animation of a fuel injected V8<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxG33cCCpep8COeqHlDcjPRdJF_-c2OXc4ZgZ-Z1fYDvVSa0TbjAYwxEt3U3vg-AQ5Gpr2DEReCJoDenyfkbQ' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe><br />
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<h1 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Fuel Injected</span></h1><div style="font-family: arial; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div style="font-family: arial; text-align: center;">http://otovid.net</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17896012422461306460noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774901556596811765.post-56382888602608344232011-01-02T22:47:00.002+05:002011-01-19T21:34:49.957+05:00The Mazda Rotary Engine Part 1<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dx27svu2Gwva5-xD3LeyYNOGNdBZaPOamJJO3tRHsKWRf9uRPPcdw_xQvbWQ5Dd1v5EPXscQHvgLhCA14T2fw' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe><br />
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<div class="head"><div class="pageToolsReturn"><h1><span class="articleTitle">How Rotary Engines Work</span></h1><b>How Rotary Engines Work</b> </div></div><div class="printableTocItem">Introduction to How Rotary Engines Work</div><div style="float: right; padding-bottom: 3px; text-align: center; width: 200px;"><img alt="rotary engine" class="article" height="200" src="http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/rotary-engine-200.jpg" width="200" /><br />
<span class="caption">See more car engine pictures.</span></div>A rotary engine is an internal combustion engine, like the engine in your car, but it works in a completely different way than the conventional piston engine.<br />
In a piston engine, the same volume of space (the cylinder) alternately does four different jobs -- intake, compression, combustion and exhaust. A rotary engine does these same four jobs, but each one happens in its own part of the housing. It's kind of like having a dedicated cylinder for each of the four jobs, with the piston moving continually from one to the next. <br />
The rotary engine (originally conceived and developed by Dr. Felix Wankel) is sometimes called a <b>Wankel engine</b>, or <b>Wankel rotary engine</b>. <br />
In this article, we'll learn how a rotary engine works. Let's start with the basic principles at work. <br />
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<center> <br />
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<div class="printableTocItem">Principles of a Rotary Engine</div><div class="imageBox imageBoxRight" style="padding-bottom: 3px; width: 400px;"><img src="http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/rotary-engine-intro.jpg" /><br />
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<span class="caption">The rotor and housing of a rotary engine from a Mazda RX-7: These parts replace the pistons, cylinders, valves, connecting rods and camshafts found in piston engines.</span></div>Like a piston engine, the rotary engine uses the pressure created when a combination of air and fuel is burned. In a piston engine, that pressure is contained in the cylinders and forces pistons to move back and forth. The connecting rods and crankshaft convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotational motion that can be used to power a car. <br />
In a rotary engine, the pressure of combustion is contained in a chamber formed by part of the housing and sealed in by one face of the triangular rotor, which is what the engine uses instead of pistons. <br />
The rotor follows a path that looks like something you'd create with a Spirograph. This path keeps each of the three peaks of the rotor in contact with the housing, creating three separate volumes of gas. As the rotor moves around the chamber, each of the three volumes of gas alternately expands and contracts. It is this expansion and contraction that draws air and fuel into the engine, compresses it and makes useful power as the gases expand, and then expels the exhaust. <br />
We'll be taking a look inside a rotary engine to check out the parts, but first let's take a look at a new model car with an all-new rotary engine. <br />
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http://www.howstuffworks.comAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17896012422461306460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774901556596811765.post-52621016190541444452011-01-02T22:46:00.001+05:002011-01-19T21:39:25.033+05:00The Mazda Rotary Engine Part 2<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dwvI0gS_fQkuy5Q5o_GOQj0gtrAAEzknngVkCcc8-5ZN7C9NrUQyMDtifI4bM_JzZvBuaMbz4fEPyLfdNWWfQ' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe><br />
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<div class="head"><div class="pageToolsReturn"><h1><span class="articleTitle">How Rotary Engines Work</span></h1><b><a href="http://www.howstuffworks.com/rotary-engine.htm">How Rotary Engines Work</a></b> </div></div><div class="printableTocItem">Introduction to How Rotary Engines Work</div><div style="float: right; padding-bottom: 3px; text-align: center; width: 200px;"><a href="http://auto.howstuffworks.com/car-engine-pictures.htm"><img alt="rotary engine" class="article" height="200" src="http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/rotary-engine-200.jpg" width="200" /></a><br />
<span class="caption">See more <a href="http://auto.howstuffworks.com/car-engine-pictures.htm">car engine pictures</a>.</span></div>A rotary engine is an internal combustion engine, like the <a href="http://auto.howstuffworks.com/engine.htm">engine</a> in your <a href="http://auto.howstuffworks.com/car.htm">car</a>, but it works in a completely different way than the conventional piston engine.<br />
In a piston engine, the same volume of space (the cylinder) alternately does four different jobs -- intake, compression, combustion and exhaust. A rotary engine does these same four jobs, but each one happens in its own part of the housing. It's kind of like having a dedicated cylinder for each of the four jobs, with the piston moving continually from one to the next. <br />
The rotary engine (originally conceived and developed by Dr. Felix Wankel) is sometimes called a <b>Wankel engine</b>, or <b>Wankel rotary engine</b>. <br />
In this article, we'll learn how a rotary engine works. Let's start with the basic principles at work. <br />
<br />
<center> <br />
</center><br />
<div class="printableTocItem">Principles of a Rotary Engine</div><div class="imageBox imageBoxRight" style="padding-bottom: 3px; width: 400px;"><img src="http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/rotary-engine-intro.jpg" /><br />
<br />
<span class="caption">The rotor and housing of a rotary engine from a Mazda RX-7: These parts replace the pistons, cylinders, valves, connecting rods and camshafts found in piston engines.</span></div>Like a piston engine, the rotary engine uses the pressure created when a combination of air and fuel is burned. In a piston engine, that pressure is contained in the cylinders and forces pistons to move back and forth. The connecting rods and crankshaft convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotational motion that can be used to power a car. <br />
In a rotary engine, the pressure of combustion is contained in a chamber formed by part of the housing and sealed in by one face of the triangular rotor, which is what the engine uses instead of pistons. <br />
The rotor follows a path that looks like something you'd create with a <a href="http://www.howstuffworks.com/rotary-engine.htm/framed.htm?parent=rotary-engine.htm&url=http://www.hasbro.com/pl/page.viewproduct/product_id.12927/dn/default.cfm">Spirograph</a>. This path keeps each of the three peaks of the rotor in contact with the housing, creating three separate volumes of gas. As the rotor moves around the chamber, each of the three volumes of gas alternately expands and contracts. It is this expansion and contraction that draws air and fuel into the engine, compresses it and makes useful <a href="http://www.howstuffworks.com/rotary-engine.htm/fpte.htm">power</a> as the gases expand, and then expels the exhaust. <br />
We'll be taking a look inside a rotary engine to check out the parts, but first let's take a look at a new model car with an all-new rotary engine. <br />
<table align="right" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="width: 200px;"><tbody>
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</tbody></table><b>Mazda RX-8</b><br />
Mazda has been a pioneer in developing production cars that use rotary engines. The RX-7, which went on sale in 1978, was probably the most successful rotary-engine-powered car. But it was preceded by a series of rotary-engine cars, trucks and even buses, starting with the <a href="http://www.howstuffworks.com/rotary-engine.htm/framed.htm?parent=rotary-engine.htm&url=http://www.mazda.com/history/rotary/e2-1.html">1967 Cosmo Sport</a>. The last year the RX-7 was sold in the United States was 1995, but the rotary engine is set to make a comeback in the near future. <br />
The Mazda RX-8 , a new car from Mazda, has a new, award winning rotary engine called the <b>RENESIS</b>. Named International Engine of the Year 2003, this naturally aspirated two-rotor engine will produce about 250 <a href="http://www.howstuffworks.com/rotary-engine.htm/horsepower.htm">horsepower</a>. For more information, visit <a href="http://www.howstuffworks.com/rotary-engine.htm/framed.htm?parent=rotary-engine.htm&url=http://www2.mazdausa.com/MusaWeb/rx8/rx8_main_flash.jsp">Mazda's RX-8 Web site</a>. <br />
<div class="printableTocItem">The Parts of a Rotary Engine</div><div class="imageBox imageBoxRight" style="padding-bottom: 3px; width: 400px;"><img src="http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/rotary-engine-rotor.jpg" /></div>A rotary engine has an <a href="http://www.howstuffworks.com/rotary-engine.htm/ignition-system.htm">ignition system</a> and a <a href="http://www.howstuffworks.com/rotary-engine.htm/fuel-injection.htm">fuel-delivery system</a> that are similar to the ones on piston engines. If you've never seen the inside of a rotary engine, be prepared for a surprise, because you won't recognize much. <br />
<b>Rotor</b><br />
The rotor has three convex faces, each of which acts like a piston. Each face of the rotor has a pocket in it, which increases the displacement of the engine, allowing more space for air/fuel mixture. <br />
At the apex of each face is a metal blade that forms a seal to the outside of the combustion chamber. There are also metal rings on each side of the rotor that seal to the sides of the combustion chamber. <br />
The rotor has a set of internal gear teeth cut into the center of one side. These teeth mate with a <a href="http://www.howstuffworks.com/rotary-engine.htm/gear.htm">gear</a> that is fixed to the housing. This gear mating determines the path and direction the rotor takes through the housing. <br />
<div class="imageBox imageBoxRight" style="padding-bottom: 3px; width: 400px;"><img src="http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/rotary-engine-housing.jpg" /></div><b>Housing</b><br />
The housing is roughly oval in shape (it's actually an <b>epitrochoid</b> -- check out <a href="http://www.howstuffworks.com/rotary-engine.htm/framed.htm?parent=rotary-engine.htm&url=http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Epitrochoid.html">this Java demonstration</a> of how the shape is derived). The shape of the combustion chamber is designed so that the three tips of the rotor will always stay in contact with the wall of the chamber, forming three sealed volumes of gas. <br />
Each part of the housing is dedicated to one part of the combustion process. The four sections are: <br />
<ul><li><b>Intake</b> </li>
<li><b>Compression</b> </li>
<li><b>Combustion</b> </li>
<li><b>Exhaust</b> </li>
</ul>The intake and exhaust ports are located in the housing. There are no valves in these ports. The exhaust port connects directly to the exhaust, and the intake port connects directly to the throttle. <br />
<div class="imageBox imageBoxRight" style="padding-bottom: 3px; width: 400px;"><img src="http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/rotary-engine-output.jpg" /><br />
<span class="caption">The output shaft<br />
(Note the eccentric lobes.)</span></div><br />
http://www.howstuffworks.comAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17896012422461306460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774901556596811765.post-48340545516087678042011-01-02T22:45:00.004+05:002011-01-19T22:09:48.189+05:00Air Car Water Car Fuel Clean Motor Save Gas Best Engine<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dzd4c8vxjXv9EV5U0-Dkdy5FnYcn2Fq0lcuE-9OgK0nxb0Hn9Fh8kfVaC_aGcEPD5YfCPtBS76hmTznpdGJpw' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe><br />
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The Compressed Air Car developed by Motor Development International . The company ended all such speculations on Tuesday stating that the compressed air car engine . Airliner Ditching In Surf Video · Live Ants In The Brain Hoax . <br />
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<img align="left" alt="compressed air car engine video" height="252" src="http://www.design-impact.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/mdi_perpetual-motion.jpg" title="compressed air car engine video" width="400" /><br />
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This site may harm your computer.<br />
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<img align="left" alt="compressed air car engine video" src="http://www.connect-green.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/air-pod.png" title="compressed air car engine video" /><br />
Related videos. More in Others - Auto · Learn about Car Engine Air Induction . The compressed air pushes the pistons in the engine up and down rather than . <br />
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2 Aug 2010 . Guy Negre of MDI Air Car engine that runs on compressed air . . I've heard 60- 70 mph but would love to see a video of it moving that fast. . <br />
29 May 2007 . This innovative Air car "is powered by compressed air, stored in a carbon-fiber tank at 30 MPa (4500 psi)." Video after the break. . <br />
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<img align="left" alt="compressed air car engine video" src="http://www.aircarfactories.com/imagenes/circuito_acumulacion_aire.jpg" title="compressed air car engine video" /><br />
12 Dec 2010 . The MDI Air Car is a Compressed Air Vehicle with a low price tag, . The MiniCat, running only on a compressed air engine, . Nissal Releases "How It's Made" Video for Leaf Posted on Wed, 12/08/2010 - 16:23 . <br />
2 posts - 2 authors - Last post: 3 Nov 2008The CAV will use compressed air to move the cylinders of the car's engine the same way the explosion in a traditional gasoline engine does. . <br />
10 posts - 7 authors - Last post: 29 MayVideo A compressed air engine Car Videos. . Here is a video of a compressed air engine I made from scratch. Inventor1 AZ. Attached Files . <br />
21 Feb 2008 . The six pistons in the Air Car's engine are pushed by compressed air rather than gasoline combustion, an idea developed by F1 race car .Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17896012422461306460noreply@blogger.com0